Cybercrime Practice Test

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• What ensures consistent timestamps across logs in incident detection?
• Which security technology works to scramble computer messages and/or data?
• Which crime scene is the most complex to investigate?
• Which federal agency houses CCIPS?
• Which statement best reflects online privacy and harassment?
• What term describes devices or software that act as a checkpoint between the network and individual users?
• The National Cyber Response Coordination Group is composed of how many federal agencies that respond to cyber-attacks?
• The largest and primary investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is which agency?
• Which statement best captures the observed disparity between federal and local cyber cops?
• Which OSI layer handles end-to-end communication and reliable data transfer between applications?
• Which layer corresponds to 'policies' in the described layer scheme?
• Which statement is MOST true about the globalization of hacking?
• CCIP works in close collaboration with which entity in the prosecution of computer crimes?
• Which statement best reflects the relationship between state laws and technology pace?
• What is a cryptographic hash and why is it used in digital forensics?
• Which list represents the five or six steps of an incident response lifecycle commonly referenced in frameworks?
• The chief law enforcement officer of the federal government is the director of Homeland Security.
• Which OSI layer provides logical addressing and path determination between networks?
• What is the primary distinction between cybercrime and conventional crime?
• Which of the following is a logging best practice for incident detection?
• The most popular password generator is:
• What is a botnet and how do attackers typically control infected machines?
• A multi-scene crime involves multiple locations.
• What is log correlation?
• Which statement about the relationship between drug trafficking and cybercrime trait profiles is supported by the material?
• The DHS subsumed the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
• Which tool is designed primarily to log network traffic and examine it for known attack patterns?
• Which of the following is NOT a method to secure wireless networks?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of the black market?
• Which of the following is an Indicator of Compromise (IOC)?
• What is credential stuffing?
• Which layer corresponds to 'application' in the described layer scheme?
• What factors have limited the ability of local law enforcement to respond to the growing threat of computer crime?
• Name a major challenge in cloud forensics.
• The most pressing computer crimes enforced by local law enforcement agencies appear to be those related to which category?
• Which statement about overall cybersecurity enforcement is most accurate?
• The facets of the hacker culture are likely to:
• Which statement best describes the role of 'Identify threats' in risk analysis?
• Which entity is described as responsible for the storage of evidence until the time of trial?
• Which of the following is a cybercrime reporting channel designed for nationwide coordination?
• When collecting data during a live incident, which data type should be prioritized due to volatility?
• NOT a characteristic of intruders during the first era of computer security?
• Which statement describes a NOT common cybercrime reporting channel for individuals or organizations?
• Explain the concept of social engineering in cybercrime and name two common techniques.
• Which OSI layer handles data representation, encryption, and compression for communication between applications?
• Which layer is described as 'Provides checkpoint, fall back, and encryption services (e.g., SSL)'?
• Which of the following best describes data at rest versus data in transit and a typical protection for each?
• A sector-by-sector copy preserves what aspect of data that a simple file copy might not?
• What is a forensic image and why is it important to create a bit-for-bit copy?
• Which OSI layer is primarily concerned with encoding and modulation of signals on the transmission medium?
• Which of the following is not a division of the Bureau of Consumer Protection within the FTC?
• Which trend is described as a significant threat to global networks due to hacking?
• Who is the chief law enforcement officer of the U.S. federal government?
• The claim that the NSA has provided code-breaking capabilities since the Civil War is historically accurate.
• Name three common sources of digital evidence in a corporate investigation.
• Virtual crimes against persons such as stalking and harassment are facilitated by:
• Biometrics are commonly used as a form of which security function?
• Which OSI layer is typically associated with MAC addressing and Ethernet frames?
• How is a geographically compact crime scene under the administrative control of a single entity classified?
• Which agency is the lead for monitoring and protecting all federal government computer networks from cyberterrorism?
• Define zero trust security and its core principle.
• The greatest number of Internet users are in which combination of regions?
• Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the three commonly cited malware types in this material?
• In the early era of computer security intruders, the majority of intruders came from which source?
• Distinguish credential stuffing vs phishing.
• According to the survey data, what percentage of local police agencies reported a measurable increase in reporting computer and electronic crimes?
• Which statement describes a defense-in-depth approach?
• Which of the following is NOT a form of telecommunications fraud?
• Which federal agency houses the Customs Cyber Smuggling Center (3C)?
• Regarding current organized crime groups, which statement is true?
• Which artifact is most useful for establishing who accessed a system and when?
• The CSSS arrests and prosecutes the sale and distribution of counterfeit pharmaceuticals and controlled substances over the Internet through which operation?
• GDPR and HIPAA domains: what type of data does each primarily govern?
• Which agency is associated with cryptology and signals intelligence in the U.S. government?
• Which statement about sources of federal contact information for local investigators is accurate?
• The IP address is associated with which layer of the OSI model?
• The entity that provides victims of Internet fraud with a mechanism to report suspicious online activities is known as which?
• IC3 is operated in partnership with which federal agency?
• Which agency coordinates federal emergency management and is associated with the DHS?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of the black market?
• Which statement describes the size and impact of e-commerce on the economy?
• Why is data minimization emphasized in GDPR during cybercrime investigations?
• The most effective tool for dealing with Internet fraud is:
• Which center is the primary channel for submitting Internet crime complaints to federal authorities?
• What is the purpose of chain of custody in digital evidence handling?
• Which statement is true about the trend in reported cyber crimes?
• Which statement best describes the Postal Service's role in fighting computer-generated crimes since the creation of DHS?
• Which OSI layer is described as providing a path for the transmission of bits over cables, fiber, and radio waves?
• Which activity would be considered 'exceeding authorized access' under the CFAA?
• Which layer's responsibilities include framing, error detection, and flow control in LAN technologies such as Ethernet?
• In forensics, what is the purpose of image verification?
• What is a hash collision and why does it matter in forensics?
• The single greatest problem in computer security is:
• In digital forensics, what is the primary reason to maintain a chain of custody?
• The National Computer Security Survey found that ____% of the businesses sampled experience at least one cybercrime in 2005.
• In a ransomware incident, what typically happens after encryption of files?
• Active versus passive network defense techniques: which statement is accurate?
• According to the data, what percentage of local police agencies experienced a measurable increase in reporting computer and electronic crimes?
• Which statement is LEAST true about online harassment and privacy?
• In what year was the FBI established?
• Which of the following is NOT a form of telecommunications fraud?
• Which address type is used to uniquely identify a device on the local network?
• Which of the following best describes data in transit protection?
• NOT be considered part of a formal risk analysis?
• HIPAA primarily governs which type of data?
• Which OSI layer is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating connections between applications across a network?
• Which statement accurately contrasts defense in depth with a single point of failure in security architecture?
• Name two common legal concepts relevant to digital evidence admissibility.
• Which of the following is a high-level method attackers use to exfiltrate data?
• What is the evolution in IT technology often referred to as the next generation of firewall technology?
• Which statement correctly describes training in computer crime for patrol personnel in local agencies?
• Cyber-based attacks and high technology crimes are of low priority for the FBI.
• Which OSI layer sits directly above the Physical layer and handles framing and MAC addressing in Ethernet networks?
• Which of the following is not a role of the FBI in fighting computer crime?
• DNS tunneling is used for what purpose in cybercrime?
• What is "log retention policy" and its role in cybercrime investigations?
• The disparity in equipment between federal and local cyber cops is most clearly seen in the inability of most local agencies to do what?
• Differences between IP and MAC addresses?
• Which OSI layer is responsible for assembling bits into frames, performing error detection, and handling flow control in Ethernet networks?
• Local law enforcement agencies' most important critical need to improve cybercrime response is which of the following?
• Which agency leads investigations into access device fraud?
• Which of the following is another typical digital evidence artifact encountered in investigations?
• Approximately ___% of the population is covered by NIBRS reporting.
• Which layer is described as 'Standardizes data transmission formats (e.g., JPEG)'?
• BYOD concerns include which of the following?
• NOT a limitation in risk analysis for early computing?
• The trio of regions with the largest Internet user base includes which regions?
• Which term describes the disparity in equipment between federal and local cyber personnel?
• Unless a computer system holds a particular interest, the most likely threat comes from:
• Which layer is described as 'Allows multiple simultaneous operations across a single network connection (e.g., TCP)'?
• Which of the following is the largest computer crime problem affecting local law enforcement with the largest number of victims?
• What is the difference between a sector-by-sector copy and a file-level copy in forensics?
• Which statement best distinguishes authentication from authorization?
• Which factor is NOT listed as a limiting factor for local law enforcement in responding to computer crime?
• Which basic step in risk analysis should be performed second?
• Which offense is most likely to touch the largest number of community members in the near future?
• Which layer is described as 'The human being using the computer and network'?
• When storing computer evidence, which of the following should be recorded?
• Which layer is described as 'Provides unique addressing for transmission across different networks (e.g., IP)'?
• Which statement best describes local officers' capacity for computer crime investigations?
• Which organization is described as the largest and primary investigative arm of the Department of Homeland Security?
• Which option correctly pairs a malware type with its defining characteristic?
• Name two core offenses defined by the CFAA in the United States.
• Define volatile data and its relevance in live digital investigations.
• Which statement about USPS involvement in interagency cybercrime work is most accurate?
• Which of the following is not a critical infrastructure component?
• The term describing the growing inability of federal law enforcement to collect evidence from electronic communications over the Web is called what?
• Why is hash verification important after imaging a drive in forensics?
• What is phishing and how does spear phishing differ from general phishing?
• Which statement about the FBI's public sector partnerships is correct?
• Bitcoins are not an anonymous form of electronic payment.
• Which OSI layer is primarily responsible for end-to-end reliability and flow control between applications?
• Which of the following is a widely used authentication technology?
• Which statement best describes the FBI's public sector partnerships?
• Which statement best describes the evidence of disparity between federal and local equipment?
• A U.S. Department of Defense study on emerging threats to national security observed that the field of battle is increasingly moving toward:
• This security technology can involve biometrics.
• Define a digital footprint and its relevance to cybercrime investigations.
• Which option illustrates a key capability local agencies lack when handling cyber evidence?
• Explain the concept of "order of volatility" in data collection.
• Ethernet operates at which OSI layer for its basic data handling features such as framing and error detection?
• Which GDPR principle emphasizes collecting only data that is necessary for a stated purpose?
• Script Kiddies best described as?
• In cybercrime investigations, why is MLAT important?
• Which layer corresponds to 'user' in the described layer scheme?
• Which of the following is a typical digital evidence artifact encountered in investigations?
• The most important critical need among local law enforcement agencies is which of the following?
• Which basic step in risk analysis should be performed first?
• Which layer corresponds to 'network' in the described layer scheme?
• Which layer is described as 'Provides direct interaction with the user (e.g., Explorer, Firefox, Chrome)'?
• Which federal agency is primarily responsible for protecting consumers against computer-generated commercial fraud?
• Based on the material, which statement best captures the overall projected trend in cybercrime?
• Which agency has primary jurisdiction in cases involving access device fraud?
• The character of espionage is expected to broaden into which of the following arenas?
• What is described as the most fundamental skill set of an electronic crimes investigator?
• The profiles of individuals at the higher levels of drug trafficking and cybercrime share common personality traits.
• What is a CSIRT and how does it differ from a CERT?
• Which statement best describes the role of IP addresses?
• Which statement about joint investigations involving the U.S. Postal Service is accurate?
• In the OSI model, which layer is mainly concerned with the raw transmission of bits over a physical medium?
• Threats to ______________ are threats that actually alter data.
• What is the primary purpose of a risk assessment in cybersecurity?
• Which technology allows a firewall to block traffic from a known bad location?
• Name a standard forensic principle for ensuring evidence reliability.
• Terrorist groups will likely use computers and networks for all of the following except:
• The Bureau of Consumer Protection operates under which U.S. government agency?
• Explain the concept of time stamping in digital investigations and its importance.
• Which statement best characterizes the modern trend among organized crime groups with respect to technology?
• Minimization means:
• Which security property is encryption primarily intended to protect?
• Threat intelligence plays what role in cybercrime prevention?
• What is malware staging in cyberattacks?
• What does MLAT stand for in cybercrime investigations?
• Which category of threat is associated with unauthorized disclosure of information?
• Which of the following is a form of new technology of user identification?
• What is NOT a category of threats to information systems?
• Which statement best describes the primary purpose of a log retention policy?
• Which practice most directly supports evidence integrity in digital forensics?
• Describe a basic ransomware lifecycle from initial access to recovery options.
• What is "encryption at rest" and "encryption in transit," and why both matter?
• Experts believe computer hackers in developing countries will be increasingly motivated by which of the following?
• Which classic element of computer security is generally not required for an encryption scheme?
• Which agency is known as the nation's preeminent cryptological organization?
• A WAN that uses a common addressing and transfer protocol suite called Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is called a(n) ________.
• Which federal agency collaborates with the Computer Incident Advisory Capability (CIAC)?
• What is the data minimization principle in GDPR and why does it matter in cybercrime investigations?
• What is the purpose of write-blockers in forensic collection?
• IP addressing operates at which OSI layer?
• Which term describes an evolution of firewall capabilities that inspects data packets at deeper levels?
• If an investigator finds a computer that is turned off during a search with a warrant, what should be done?
• Memory forensics focuses on analyzing volatile memory. Which artifacts can RAM reveal?
• Which OSI layer handles frames rather than packets or segments?
• BYOD stands for Bring Your Own Device. What cybersecurity concern does it raise?
• Encryption is used to protect data by performing which action on the data?
• CCIPS attorneys conduct hundreds of training seminars every year for other federal attorneys.
• Which statement about the U.S. Department of Energy's focus is accurate?
• Which statement reflects the capacity of local officers to handle computer crimes?
• What is GDPR and one major principle it enforces?
• The best source for technical information needed in a network investigation is:
• Which term describes a private network that uses TCP/IP and is restricted to members of an organization?
• Which statistic reflects cybercrime prevalence across businesses in 2005?
• ___________________ are the most important security measure a company or individual can take.
• Which layer is described as 'The rules, policies, and management controls that govern the actions of users'?
• The facets of the hacker culture are likely to increase the odds that some groups will become organized criminal enterprises.
• IC3 is operated in partnership with which federal agency?
• Which statement best describes ransomware?
• Which statement best differentiates incident response from disaster recovery in organizational cybersecurity planning?
• What best defines data exfiltration?
• After 'Assess and evaluate' which step is next?
• Which social engineering technique involves creating a fabricated scenario to obtain information?
• What portion of the population is not covered by NIBRS reporting, given that 29% are covered?
• What is zero-day vulnerability?
• CCIP collaborates with which department in the prosecution of computer crimes?
• Which basic step in risk analysis should be performed last?
• Which OSI layer would be most associated with routing packets through a network?
• What is an Indicator of Compromise (IOC) and give two examples.
• Which statement about MAC addresses is correct?
• Which layer corresponds to 'presentation' in the described layer scheme?
• According to surveys, what percentage of local law enforcement agencies do not have adequate capabilities to read encrypted evidence?
• In the future, terrorists will likely use all of the following tactics, except: